Web servers
Back to home
On this page
Note
You can now use composable image (BETA) to install runtimes and tools in your application container. To find out more, see the dedicated documentation page.
The Python ecosystem offers a number of web servers that can be used to deploy to Upsun.
The following examples deploy a Django project named myapp.
They assume a myapp/wsgi.py or myapp/asgi.py file with a callable application.
Adjust the examples to fit your framework and app.
Gunicorn 
Gunicorn is a Python WSGI HTTP Server for Unix that operates on a pre-fork worker model. The Gunicorn server is broadly compatible with various web frameworks, light on server resource usage, and fast.
To deploy with Gunicorn on Upsun , use one of the following examples to update your app configuration.
The examples vary based on both your package manager (Pip, Pipenv, or Poetry) and whether your app listens on a TCP (default) or Unix (for running behind a proxy server) socket. For more information on upstream sockets and protocols, see the application reference.
The snippets below assume that Gunicorn has been added as a dependency to your requirements.txt, Pipfile.lock, or poetry.lock.
applications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "gunicorn -w 4 -b localhost:$PORT app.wsgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "gunicorn -w 4 -b unix:$SOCKET app.wsgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "pipenv run gunicorn -w 4 -b localhost:$PORT app.wsgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "pipenv run gunicorn -w 4 -b unix:$SOCKET app.wsgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "poetry run gunicorn -w 4 -b localhost:$PORT app.wsgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "poetry run gunicorn -w 4 -b unix:$SOCKET app.wsgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: true Gunicorn workers
These examples define four worker processes with -w 4.
For more details on what you can configure, see the Gunicorn documentation.
Workers can also be defined with a custom worker class, such as Uvicorn, gevent, or Tornado.
For example, to add a Uvicorn worker class to the pip example for Unix, adjust the start command to the following:
applications:
# The app's name, which must be unique within the project.
myapp:
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "gunicorn -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker -b unix:$SOCKET app.wsgi:application" Daphne
Daphne is a HTTP, HTTP2 ,and WebSocket protocol server for ASGI and ASGI-HTTP, developed to power Django Channels.
To deploy with Daphne on Upsun , use one of the following examples to update your app configuration.
The examples vary based on both your package manager (Pip, Pipenv, or Poetry) and whether your app listens on a TCP (default) or Unix (for running behind a proxy server) socket. For more information on upstream sockets and protocols, see the application reference.
The snippets below assume that Daphne has been added as a dependency to your requirements.txt, Pipfile.lock, or poetry.lock.
applications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "daphne -p $PORT app.asgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "daphne -u $SOCKET app.asgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "pipenv run daphne -p $PORT app.asgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "pipenv run daphne -u $SOCKET app.asgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "poetry run daphne -p $PORT app.asgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "poetry run -u $SOCKET app.asgi:application"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: true Uvicorn
Uvicorn is an ASGI web server implementation for Python.
To deploy with Uvicorn on Upsun , use one of the following examples to update your app configuration.
The examples vary based on both your package manager (Pip, Pipenv, or Poetry) and whether your app listens on a TCP (default) or Unix (for running behind a proxy server) socket. For more information on upstream sockets and protocols, see the application reference.
The snippets below assume that Uvicorn has been added as a dependency to your requirements.txt, Pipfile.lock, or poetry.lock.
applications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "uvicorn app.asgi:application --port $PORT --workers 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "uvicorn app.asgi:application --uds $SOCKET --workers 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "pipenv run uvicorn app.asgi:application --port $PORT --workers 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "pipenv run uvicorn app.asgi:application --uds $SOCKET --workers 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "poetry run uvicorn app.asgi:application --port $PORT --workers 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "poetry run uvicorn app.asgi:application --uds $SOCKET --workers 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: true Uvicorn workers
These examples define four worker processes with -w 4.
For more recommendations on this and other settings, see the Uvicorn documentation.
Instead of the -w flag, you can also use the WEB_CONCURRENCY variable.
See how to set variables.
Hypercorn
Hypercorn is an ASGI and WSGI web server inspired by Gunicorn.
To deploy with Hypercorn on Upsun , use one of the following examples to update your app configuration.
The examples vary based on both your package manager (Pip, Pipenv, or Poetry) and whether your app listens on a TCP (default) or Unix (for running behind a proxy server) socket. For more information on upstream sockets and protocols, see the application reference.
The snippets below assume that Hypercorn has been added as a dependency to your requirements.txt, Pipfile.lock, or poetry.lock.
applications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "hypercorn app.asgi:application -b localhost:$PORT -w 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "hypercorn app.asgi:application -b unix:$SOCKET -w 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "pipenv run hypercorn app.asgi:application -b localhost:$PORT -w 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "pipenv run hypercorn app.asgi:application -b unix:$SOCKET -w 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
commands:
start: "poetry run hypercorn app.asgi:application -b localhost:$PORT -w 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: trueapplications:
# The name of the app container. Must be unique within a project.
myapp:
# The location of the application's code.
source:
root: "/"
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "poetry run hypercorn app.asgi:application -b unix:$SOCKET -w 4"
locations:
"/":
passthru: true
"/static":
root: "static"
expires: 1h
allow: true Hypercorn workers
These examples define four worker processes with -w 4.
For more details on what you can configure, see the Hypercorn documentation.
Workers can also be defined with a custom worker class, such as Asyncio, Uvloop, or Trio.
For example, to add a Asyncio worker class to the pip example for Unix, adjust the start command to the following:
applications:
# The app's name, which must be unique within the project.
myapp:
type: 'python:3.9'
web:
upstream:
socket_family: unix
commands:
start: "hypercorn app.asgi:application -b unix:$SOCKET -w 4 -k asyncio"